Browsing by Author "Abdulmalik Alqarni"

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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction utilizing menthol-based deep eutectic solvent for simultaneous determination of sulfonamides residues in powdered milk-based infant formulas
(2023) Shahad Osama AlKahlah; Mostafa, Ahmed; Ruya Alsultan; Zahrra Dheya AlJarrash; Weaam Mustafa Alzawad; Aljarrash, Zahra; Al-Zawad, Weaam; Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa; Amir, Mohd
An eco-friendly, fast, sensitive dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method followed by UPLC-MS/MS was developed and validated for multi-residue determination of sulfonamides in milk-based infant and young children formulas. In this study, a natural deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using menthol and octanoic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 for the extraction of seven sulfonamides in infant formulas. Different extraction parameters including volume of deep eutectic solvent, vortex time, centrifugation time, sample volume and pH were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, determination coefficients of ≥ 0.9993 were obtained for all studied analytes. The limits of detection ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 µg Kg−1. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 82.6–100.1% with RSDs %≤ 7.5. To investigate the applicability of the proposed method, it was applied to determination of the studied sulfonamides in thirty milk-based infant formulas of different brands. The environmental impact of the presented method was evaluated using three assessment tools namely: Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE). The characteristic performance of the developed DLLME-UPLC-MS/MS method was also compared with other reported methods.
ICP-MS determination of elemental abundance in traditional medicinal plants commonly used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(2022) R. S. Ahmad, H.; Sara Algarni; Rand Osama; Alghamdi, M.; Njoud Hamid; Rizwan Ahmad; Algarni, S.; Mostafa, A.; Abdulmalik Alqarni; Aldholmi, M.; Riaz, M.
Medicinal plants are widely used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to treat various ailments in the form of folk medicine. Forty four such medicinal plant samples were collected from local markets and evaluated for the presence of 14 elements (Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Al, Pb, Ba, Zn, Ag, Hg, Bi, Cd). Microwave-assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine the elemental composition in these medicinal plants. Widespread occurrence of these elements was observed in all plant samples, except for Bi and Co where the lowest mean values of 0.03 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.15 were observed, respectively. The descending order for mean (μg/g) elemental occurrence observed was as follows: Ba > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Ba > Hg > Mo > Cu > Cr > Ag > Cd > Co > Bi, whereas the range for these elements in the 44-medicinal plants was as follows: Pb > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cu > Mo > Ag > Ba > Hg > Co > Cd > Cr > Bi. Pb, Hg and Cd were found beyond the maximum limits in these medicinal plants, while the remaining elements were found well within the range of maximum limits. A number of medicinal plants showed high amounts of these elements. Some plants contained more than one element, such as Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Pb, Hg, Cd), Ricinus communis (Pb, Cd), Vigna radiata (Pb, Cd) and Sesamum indicum (Pb, Hg). The data matrix was validated through the statistical tools of principal component analysis (X(2) = 160.44, P = .00), Pearson's correlation (P = .01 and 0.05), and K-mean cluster analysis (F = 104.55, P = .00). The findings of the study provide baseline data for the comparative analysis of these medicinal plants, which may help select safe medicinal plants in terms of consumer-based use and its utilisation for the treatment of various ailments.
Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and its analogues in foodstuff using UPLC-MS/MS and assessment of their health risk in adult population
(2022) S. A. Heba, Mostafa; Abdulmalik, M. Alqarni; Yasmeen, Almohamed; Duaa, Abualrahi; Dania, Hussein; Abdulmalik Alqarni; Meshal Alghamdi
Replacing bisphenol A with its analogues may represent a risk to human health because of their potential synergic effects. In this study, a fast, sensitive and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, D8 and pergafast in foodstuff was developed and validated. Sample preparation and clean up were carried out using ultrasonic extraction followed by solid-phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges. The developed method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of the target analytes in 140 food samples from various categories (including: vegetables, dairy products, seafood products, condiments, beverages, oils & fats and others). The recovery ranged from 80.3% to 103.8% with relative standard deviations not higher than 11.5%. Limits of detection were within the range of 0.003–0.015 μg kg−1 under the optimized conditions. Bisphenol A was found in the majority of food samples (83%) with the highest concentration of 110 µg kg−1. Canned food contained higher concentrations of total bisphenols (23.8 µg kg−1) compared to food samples packed in plastic containers (7.68 µg kg−1), paper (3.53 µg kg−1) or glass (1.14 µg kg−1). The estimated daily intake for the detected bisphenols was also calculated (286.7 and 307.8 ng kg−1 BW day−1) for male and female adults, respectively. The dietary exposure to total bisphenols through foodstuffs investigated in this study were found to be higher than the recently updated tolerable daily intake value of BPA (0.04 ng kg−1 BW day−1). Also, the calculated hazard index was found to be higher than 1, indicating that the exposure to the detected bisphenols is more likely to cause risk to consumers through the dietary intake. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report estimating the health risk associated with dietary exposure to bisphenol A and its analogues in Saudi Arabia.