Browsing by Author "Mukarram Zubair"

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Biochar-layered double hydroxide composites for the adsorption of tetracycline from water: synthesis, process modeling, and mechanism
(2023) Zubair, Mukarram; Dana Essam Alhashim; El-Qanni, Amjad; Mohammad Saood Manzar; Alqahtani, Hissah A.; Al-Ejji, Maryam; Mu’azu, Nuhu Dalhat; AlGhamdi, Jwaher M.; Haladu, Shamsuddeen A.; Al-Hashim, Dana; Ahmed, Syed Z.
Antibiotic-contaminated water is a crucial issue worldwide. Thus, in this study, the MgFeCa-layered double hydroxides were supported in date palm–derived biochar (B) using co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and co-pyrolysis methods. It closes gaps in composite design for pharmaceutical pollutant removal, advances eco-friendly adsorbents, and advances targeted water cleanup by investigating synthesis methodologies and gaining new insights into adsorption. The prepared B-MgFeCa composites were investigated for tetracycline (TC) adsorption from an aqueous solution. The B-MgFeCa composites synthesized through co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods exhibited better crystallinity, functional groups, and well-developed LDH structure within the biochar matrix. However, the co-pyrolysis method resulted in the LDH structure breakage, leading to the low crystalline composite material. The maximum adsorption of TC onto all B-MgFeCa was obtained at an acidic pH range (4–5). The B-MgFeCa composites produced via hydrothermal and co-pyrolysis methods showed higher and faster TC adsorption than the co-precipitation method. The kinetic results can be better described by Langmuir kinetic and mixed order models at low and high TC concentrations, indicating that the rate-limiting step is mainly associated with active binding sites adsorption. The Sip and Freundlich models showed better fitting with the equilibrium data. The TC removal by B-MgFeCa composites prepared via hydrothermal, the highest estimated uptake which is around 639.76 mg.g−1 according to the Sips model at ambient conditions, and co-pyrolysis was mainly dominated by physical and chemical interactions. The composite obtained via the co-precipitation method adsorbed TC through chemical bonding between surface functional groups with anionic species of TC molecule. The B-MgFeCa composite showed excellent reusability performance for up to five cycles with only a 30% decrease in TC removal efficiency. The results demonstrated that B-MgFeCa composites could be used as promising adsorbent materials for effective wastewater treatment.
Biochar-layered double hydroxide composites for the adsorption of tetracycline from water: synthesis, process modeling, and mechanism
(2023) Zubair, Mukarram; Mohammad Saood Manzar; El-Qanni, Amjad; Haroon, Hajira; Alqahtani, Hissah A.; Syed Z Ahmed; Hissah Aloush Alqahtani; AlGhamdi, Jwaher M.; Haladu, Shamsuddeen A.; Al-Hashim, Dana; Ahmed, Syed Z.
Antibiotic-contaminated water is a crucial issue worldwide. Thus, in this study, the MgFeCa-layered double hydroxides were supported in date palm–derived biochar (B) using co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and co-pyrolysis methods. It closes gaps in composite design for pharmaceutical pollutant removal, advances eco-friendly adsorbents, and advances targeted water cleanup by investigating synthesis methodologies and gaining new insights into adsorption. The prepared B-MgFeCa composites were investigated for tetracycline (TC) adsorption from an aqueous solution. The B-MgFeCa composites synthesized through co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods exhibited better crystallinity, functional groups, and well-developed LDH structure within the biochar matrix. However, the co-pyrolysis method resulted in the LDH structure breakage, leading to the low crystalline composite material. The maximum adsorption of TC onto all B-MgFeCa was obtained at an acidic pH range (4–5). The B-MgFeCa composites produced via hydrothermal and co-pyrolysis methods showed higher and faster TC adsorption than the co-precipitation method. The kinetic results can be better described by Langmuir kinetic and mixed order models at low and high TC concentrations, indicating that the rate-limiting step is mainly associated with active binding sites adsorption. The Sip and Freundlich models showed better fitting with the equilibrium data. The TC removal by B-MgFeCa composites prepared via hydrothermal, the highest estimated uptake which is around 639.76 mg.g−1 according to the Sips model at ambient conditions, and co-pyrolysis was mainly dominated by physical and chemical interactions. The composite obtained via the co-precipitation method adsorbed TC through chemical bonding between surface functional groups with anionic species of TC molecule. The B-MgFeCa composite showed excellent reusability performance for up to five cycles with only a 30% decrease in TC removal efficiency. The results demonstrated that B-MgFeCa composites could be used as promising adsorbent materials for effective wastewater treatment.
Comparative adsorption of Eriochrome black T onto recyclable steel dust wastes: Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies
(2022) Hissah Aloush Alqahtani; Umair, Alam; Muhammad, Nawaz; Mukarram, Zubair; Anamália Ferreira, Silva; Nuhu Dalhat, Mu'azu; Lucas, Meili; Emre, Çevik; Hissah, A. Alqahtani
In this study, low-cost steel dust wastes from two different steel-manufacturing plants were investigated for the decontamination of water containing an anionic dye, Eriochrome black T (EBT). The characterization results indicated that the steel dust particles are mesoporous material with heterogenous structure and exhibit different surface functionalities that, mainly, included metal oxides and C-O groups. The steel dust particles showed high affinity towards EBT dye (100% removal) at pH 2, and dye concentration 20 mg/L. The kinetic data was better described by pseudo-second order model indicating chemisorption interactions. The isotherm results showed good fitting to the Langmuir isotherm model implying monolayer EBT adsorption onto steel dust particles. The maximum adsorption capacity of Q-Steel and L-Steel was 100.20 mg/g and 94.18 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic study demonstrated endothermic nature of EBT adsorption process. The steel dust particles showed excellent removal performance of EBT dye (i.e., less than 10% reduction) after five regeneration cycles. This demonstrated that steel dust particles can be directly, used as potential low cost and recyclable adsorbent material for treating dye contaminated water streams.
Comparative adsorption of tetracycline onto unmodified and NaOH-modified silicomanganese fumes: Kinetic and process modeling
(2023) Manzar, Mohammad Saood; Ahmad, Tauqir; Zubair, Mukarram; Ullah, Nisar; Alqahtani, Hissah A.; Jwaher M. AlGhamdi; Georgin, Jordana; Nasir, Muhammad; Mu'azu, Nuhu Dalhat; Al Ghamdi, Jwaher M.; Aziz, Hamidi Abdul; Meili, Lucas
Silicomanganese fumes (SMF) are industrial waste and a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from water. In this study, the adsorption performance of SMF and NaOH-modified SMF (SMF-Na) for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from an aqueous solution was investigated. The characterization results showed the presence of functional groups (SiO2, -OH and C-O-C), a considerably higher surface area of the SMF-Na (142.59 m2 g−1) compared to the SMF (7.73 m2 g−1). The TC adsorption was favored under acidic conditions (pH 2–3) and increased with an increasing amount of adsorbent. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 360 min, and the presence of Na+ ions insignificantly influenced the TC adsorption. The Avrami model fitted better to the kinetic data with R2 = 0.995. The isothermal data was well represented by the Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of SMF and SMF-Na was 117 and 129 mg g−1, respectively. The thermodynamic results confirmed that the TC adsorption was endothermic and predominantly governed by physical forces. The removal of TC onto SMF and SMF-Na was maintained above 90 % even after five regeneration cycles The results suggested that SMF-Na is a promising alternative adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline antibiotics from wastewater streams.
Development and Evaluation of Engineered Nanocellulose-Based Mortar Synthesized Using Hydrolysis of Strong and Weak Acids
(2023) Tag Nasreldin Hussein; Zubair, Mukarram; Mukarram Zubair; Mohammad Saood Manzarr; Khalid Saqer Alotaibi; Hussein, Tag Nasreldin; Alharthi, Yasir M.
Engineers constantly seek innovative techniques to incorporate existing materials to perform better and attain sustainability. Owing to the high aspect ratio and mechanical strength, nanostructured cellulose may help the development of a value-added construction product. In this study, two kinds of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), synthesized using strong hydrochloric acid (HCl) (CNC-H) and weak formic acid (CH2O2) (CNC-F) having crystallinities of 89.89% and 92.61%, diameters of 1 μm and 15–17 μm, lengths 10–40 μm and 87 μm, and solid to acid ratios of 1 g:10 ml and 1 g:25 ml, respectively, were incorporated as a green additive (0–1% by wt. of cement) in the production of mortar. The performance of the fabricated mortar samples was determined by flow, compressive strength, and volume of permeable pore space tests. The outcomes were endorsed by analytical tests. The overall performance of CNC-H outperformed CNC-F. A linear drop was noticed in the flow of fresh mortar with the increase in the content of CNCs because of agglomeration governed by their particle proportions. The highest compressive strengths and least volume of voids were recorded in CNC-H samples (41.1 MPa and 13.6%), respectively. These values were 19.5% greater and 18.6% lesser than that of CNC-free control samples, respectively. The factors contributing to the improved performance of CNC-H specimens included lower crystallinity of material and the enhanced interlocking effect among ingredients in cementitious composites, as evident from the X-ray and SEM analysis. On contrary, the poor performance of CNC-F specimens was attributed to the incomplete degradation of cellulose domain due to weak hydrolysis. It is suggested that CNC-H mortar has an enormous possibility as an additive in the construction industry in technical, environmental, commercial, and industrial ways.
Engineered cellulose nanocrystals-based cement mortar from office paper waste: Flow, strength, microstructure, and thermal properties
(2022) Tag NasreldinHussein; Mukarram, Zubair; Noman, Ashraf; Noman Ashraf; Moath Khalid, Allubli; Mohammad Saood, Manzar; Muhammad Arif Aziz; Mamdouh,
In this study, three types of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), termed as C1, C2 or C3, of varied crystallinity (79.91–89.31%), diameters (0.1–1 μm), lengths (0.8–10 μm) and synthesized at solid to acid ratios (1g:20 ml to 1g:25 ml) were incorporated as a green additive (0–1.5% by wt. of cement) in the preparation of mortar. The performance of the developed mortar was examined by evaluating flow, compressive and flexural strengths, the volume of permeable voids, and thermal conductivity. The results were supported by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX analyses. The C1 (synthesized with mild acid hydrolysis conditions) based mortar outperformed C2 (synthesized with harsh acid hydrolysis conditions having moderate crystallinity) and C3 (synthesized with harsh acid hydrolysis conditions having high crystallinity) based mortars. In general, the flow of mortar dropped linearly with the addition of CNCs due to agglomeration, depending on their particle sizes. The maximum compressive and flexural strengths, thermal conductivity, and minimum volume of voids recorded in C1 specimens were 34 MPa, 4.1 MPa, 0.96 W/mK, and 13.4%, respectively. These values were 21.7%, 28.1%, 17.1% higher, and 14.6% lower than that obtained in CNC-free mortar specimens, respectively. The enhanced performance of C1 specimens was attributed to more precipitation of –OH groups, strong Si–O-T chains, increased crystallinity of the products, and the intertwining of major elements in the cementitious composites. It also imparted crack-bridging effects leading to microstructural densification. It is postulated that the engineered C1 mortar has significant potential as an additive in construction applications from ecological, economic, and technical means.
Inhibition of low carbon steel corrosion by a cationic gemini surfactant in 10wt.% H2SO4 and 15wt.% HCl under static condition and hydrodynamic flow
(2023) Mu'azu, Nuhu Dalhat; Haladu, Shamsuddeen A.; Nouf Essa aldossary; Alqahtani, Hissah A.; Mukarram Zubair; Mohammad Saood Manzar; Odewunmi, Nurudeen A.; Aldossary, Nouf Essa; Saud alareefi, Haya; Alshaer, Zainab Hussain; Ali, Shaikh A.; El-Lateef, Hany M. Abd
The corrosion inhibition potentials of a cationic gemini surfactant (CGS) on low carbon (LC) steel in highly corrosive environment of 10 wt.% H2SO4 and 15 wt.% HCl (which imitates oil well acidic environment) at elevated temperatures was studied using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), gravimetric, and surface (XPS, SEM and EDX) analyses. Unprecedented inhibition efficiencies (IE) of 92.2% and 92.5% were repeatedly obtained at CGS concentrations of as low as 0.25 ppm and 1 ppm in 15 wt.% HCl and 10 wt.% H2SO4 at 25 °C by gravimetry, respectively. Higher inhibition efficiencies were obtained at elevated CGS concentrations. The inhibitor act as a mixed type based on the PDP data. The adsorption of CGS on the steel surface further supports a stronger tendency for he CGS adsorption onto the steel surface, thereby establishing an effective protective mechanism of the steel. The CGS performance was enhanced under hydrodynamic condition than static condition in 15 wt.% HCl while the opposite was the case in 10 wt.% H2SO4. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Monte-Carlo (MC) dynamics simulations supported the experimental findings of the CGS inhibition potentials for steel surface in the studied media. This study showcases the high potential of employing CGS for effective control of the corrosion, even at low dosage, in industrial applications involving the use of highly reactive acids at higher temperatures where economically viable operations are necessary.
Mechanical, non-destructive, and thermal characterization of biochar-based mortar composite
(2023) Aziz, Muhammad Arif; Zubair, Mukarram; Saleem, Muhammad; Noman Ashraf; Ashraf, Noman; Khalid Saqer Alotaibi; Aga, Omer; Al Eid, Ammar Ali A.
Sustainable materials present a significant revolution in the construction industry and exhibit tremendous potential to develop a green building material that can be adopted to lower the construction sector’s carbon footprint. This study details the development, mechanical and thermal properties of mortar produced using biochar derived from date palm leaves (BioCl) and date palm seeds (BioCs) as a cement additive. A detailed experimental protocol including flowability, compressive strength, the volume of permeable voids test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, nondestructive crack identification, and thermal was conducted to understand the effect of adding biochar on the performance characteristics of mortar. The durability and mechanical test indicated that BioCl performed better than BioCs while both additive materials performed better than the control samples. Adding BioCl and BioCs to 0.75% and 1.00% improved the compressive strength to 7 and 5%, respectively, compared to the control samples. The ultrasonic pulse velocity direct and indirect method results were significantly reduced to a maximum of 22.54% and 20.46 with the addition of BioCl and BioCs in mortar. This further confirms the dense packing of biochar particles into the interfacial transition zone of the matrix. Biochar-masonry concrete blocks showed almost 41% lower thermal conductivity than control concrete, indicating biochar-based blocks’ high thermal performance.
Production of magnetic biochar-steel dust composites for enhanced phosphate adsorption
(2022) Mukarram, Zubair; Mohammad Saood Manzar; Mohammed Awwal, Suleiman; Daniel Pinto, Fernandes; Shamsuddeen A. Haladu; Waad Al Bin, Essa; Hawra, Al-Adam; Jwaher, M. AlGhamdi; Nuhu Dalhat, Mu'azu; Shamsuddeen, A. Haladu; Gulraiz, Khan
In this study, a new low-cost magnetic composite comprising biochar-steel dust wastes was fabricated by the facile co-pyrolysis method at different proportions of steel dust wastes. The performance of the magnetic composite was investigated for the adsorption of phosphate from water. The physicochemical characteristics of the magnetic composite indicate an effective coupling of the steel dust into a biochar matrix leading to improved crystallinity, surface heterogeneity, and functional groups (CO, CC, and metal oxides). The proportion of the steel dust significantly influenced the adsorptive characteristics of the magnetic biochar-steel dust composite. The synergistic effect of the biochar and steel dust facilitated enhanced phosphate adsorption compared to the pristine biochar and steel dust. Pseudo-second order model well-described the kinetics of the phosphate adsorption, while the isotherm results showed better fitting with the Redlich Peterson model (R2 > 0.999). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 175.23 mg/g was achieved at pH 4, 240 min, and 25 °C, higher than many other similar magnetic adsorbents. The magnetic biochar composite exhibited excellent phosphate removal with just ~10% reduction in the presence of co-existing ions (SO42−, CO32− and HCO3−). The high reusability performance of the magnetic composite for up to five cycles implies that the composite possessed great potential for low cost and sustainable remediation of phosphate from water streams.
Volcanic ashe and its NaOH modified adsorbent for superb cationic dye uptake from water: Statistical evaluation, optimization, and mechanistic studies
(2022) Nuhu Dalhat Mu’azu; Mohammad Saood Manzar; Mukarram Zubair; Eman Gharib Alhajri
The adsorptive performance of the natural Saudi Arabian volcanic ash (VA) and its NaOH-modified form (VA-NaOH) for Malachite green (MG) uptake from water were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) modeling technique and mechanistic aspects studies. The characterization analyses showed that both materials possess abundant functional groups (O-H, Si-OH, Si-O and Al-O), mineral salts (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO), better surface characteristics leading to favorable adsorption of MG dye from water. The MG removals and the uptake capacities data were well described by cubic polynomial models with optimal condition at 25 degrees C, initial MG concentration of 120 mg/L, and pH 10 for VA and VA-NaOH. The kinetics of MG adsorption was best explained by pseudo-second order, while the Redlich-Peterson model fitted the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum Langmuir uptake capacity of 152 mg/g (VA) and 158 mg/g (VA-NaOH). The adsorption mechanism was speculated to be endothermic and involving both mono and multi-layer surface adsorption comprising chemisorption process (Delta G degrees = -27.6 to -33.9 kJ/mol), with increasing randomness scale at the liquid/solid interface without considerable entropy changes. The excellent regeneration ability, after successive cycles of desorption-adsorption, further indicates the high potential of the natural Saudi volcanic ash as excellent adsorbent for dyes removal from aqueous systems.