A novel green extraction and analysis technique for the comprehensive characterization of mangiferin in different parts of the fresh mango fruit (Mangifera indica)

Abstract

The study reports a novel, green, and effective ASE (accelerated solvent extraction) technique with a green, fast, and sensitive method of UPLC-MS/MS for a comprehensive characterization of whole mango fruit (epi-, endo-, Mesocarp, seed) under solvent, temperature, and origin effect in order to determine the inter- and intra-variation of MG(Mangiferin)-amount in fresh mango fruit. The ASE-MD (method development) showed the highest extract yield and more MG-amount in H2O at 80 °C (mesocarp fruit part). For MG-quantification, a fast and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method (RT = 0.31/runtime = 1 min; m/z 421.10 → 81.00 amu) was developed. The UPLC-MS/MS-MV validated the method with high accuracy, precision, and r2 = 0.998. The intra-variation for MG was: mesocarp > endocarp > epicarp > seed. The inter-variation (MG-amount (mg/10g) in 12-mango cultivars) based on the sum of MG-amount/12-mango fruits parts: mesocarp (12.42)> epicarp (10.92)> endocarp (10.47)> seed (8.70) whereas, based on the largest MG-amount/individual mango fruit it was: mesocarp (5/12 fruits)> endocarp (4/12 fruits)> epicarp (3/12 fruits)> seed (0/12). The statistical models for PCA, K-mean cluster, and Pearson's analysis revealed significant correlation (P ≤ 0.005) for origin*solvent*temperature Vs MG-amount with a nonsignificant correlation for origin*MG-amount Vs extract yield. The ASE-UPLC-MS/MS comprehensively characterized inter-, and intra-variation of MG in different parts of mango fruit.