Browsing by Author "Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa"

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A novel green extraction and analysis technique for the comprehensive characterization of mangiferin in different parts of the fresh mango fruit (Mangifera indica)
(2022) Saeed Abdullah Aldossary; Salem Mohammed Bubshait; Aljawharah, Alqathama; Alaa, Aldarwish; Asma, Abuhassan; Leena, Alateeq; Rizwan Ahmad; Mohammed jaber G Aldholmi; Saeed, Aldossary
The study reports a novel, green, and effective ASE (accelerated solvent extraction) technique with a green, fast, and sensitive method of UPLC-MS/MS for a comprehensive characterization of whole mango fruit (epi-, endo-, Mesocarp, seed) under solvent, temperature, and origin effect in order to determine the inter- and intra-variation of MG(Mangiferin)-amount in fresh mango fruit. The ASE-MD (method development) showed the highest extract yield and more MG-amount in H2O at 80 °C (mesocarp fruit part). For MG-quantification, a fast and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method (RT = 0.31/runtime = 1 min; m/z 421.10 → 81.00 amu) was developed. The UPLC-MS/MS-MV validated the method with high accuracy, precision, and r2 = 0.998. The intra-variation for MG was: mesocarp > endocarp > epicarp > seed. The inter-variation (MG-amount (mg/10g) in 12-mango cultivars) based on the sum of MG-amount/12-mango fruits parts: mesocarp (12.42)> epicarp (10.92)> endocarp (10.47)> seed (8.70) whereas, based on the largest MG-amount/individual mango fruit it was: mesocarp (5/12 fruits)> endocarp (4/12 fruits)> epicarp (3/12 fruits)> seed (0/12). The statistical models for PCA, K-mean cluster, and Pearson's analysis revealed significant correlation (P ≤ 0.005) for origin*solvent*temperature Vs MG-amount with a nonsignificant correlation for origin*MG-amount Vs extract yield. The ASE-UPLC-MS/MS comprehensively characterized inter-, and intra-variation of MG in different parts of mango fruit.
Development and optimization of natural deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with UPLC-UV for simultaneous determination of parabens in personal care products: evaluation of the eco-friendliness level of the developed method
(2023) Atheer Aseeri; Mostafa, Ahmed; Nujud Bakhashwain; Gomaa, Mohamed S.; Abdulmalik M. AlQarni; Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa; Bakhashwain, Nujud; Aseeri, Atheer; Alqarni, Abdulaziz; Alamri, Abdulgani A.; Alrofaidi, Mohammad A.
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) method has been developed and validated for the determination of parabens in personal care products. In this study, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) composed of menthol and formic acid at a molar ratio of 1 : 2 was prepared and used as an extraction solvent. The influencing variables on the extraction efficiency such as extraction solvent type and volume, composition of NADES, salt addition, vortex and centrifugation time were investigated. The proposed method exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients of ≥0.9992. The relative recoveries for the studied analytes ranged from 82.19 to 102.45%. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.17–0.33 ng mL−1 and 0.51–0.99 ng mL−1, respectively. To evaluate the applicability of the developed method, it was successfully applied to determine four parabens in personal care products. Additionally, the eco-friendliness level of the presented method was evaluated using Eco-Scale Assessment, Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical GREEnness metric. The developed method is simple, environmentally friendly and cost effective and it could be employed for determination of parabens in personal care products without harming the environment.
Development and optimization of natural deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with UPLC-UV for simultaneous determination of parabens in personal care products: evaluation of the eco-friendliness level of the developed method
(2023) Alqarni, Abdulmalik M.; Mostafa, Ahmed; Nujud Bakhashwain; Batool Hasheeshi; Albashrayi, Danyah; Hasheeshi, Batool; Heba shaaban Mohamed; Aseeri, Atheer; Alqarni, Abdulaziz; Alamri, Abdulgani A.; Alrofaidi, Mohammad A.
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) method has been developed and validated for the determination of parabens in personal care products. In this study, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) composed of menthol and formic acid at a molar ratio of 1 : 2 was prepared and used as an extraction solvent. The influencing variables on the extraction efficiency such as extraction solvent type and volume, composition of NADES, salt addition, vortex and centrifugation time were investigated. The proposed method exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients of ≥0.9992. The relative recoveries for the studied analytes ranged from 82.19 to 102.45%. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.17–0.33 ng mL−1 and 0.51–0.99 ng mL−1, respectively. To evaluate the applicability of the developed method, it was successfully applied to determine four parabens in personal care products. Additionally, the eco-friendliness level of the presented method was evaluated using Eco-Scale Assessment, Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical GREEnness metric. The developed method is simple, environmentally friendly and cost effective and it could be employed for determination of parabens in personal care products without harming the environment.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction utilizing menthol-based deep eutectic solvent for simultaneous determination of sulfonamides residues in powdered milk-based infant formulas
(2023) Shahad Osama AlKahlah; Mostafa, Ahmed; Ruya Alsultan; Zahrra Dheya AlJarrash; Weaam Mustafa Alzawad; Aljarrash, Zahra; Al-Zawad, Weaam; Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa; Amir, Mohd
An eco-friendly, fast, sensitive dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method followed by UPLC-MS/MS was developed and validated for multi-residue determination of sulfonamides in milk-based infant and young children formulas. In this study, a natural deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using menthol and octanoic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 for the extraction of seven sulfonamides in infant formulas. Different extraction parameters including volume of deep eutectic solvent, vortex time, centrifugation time, sample volume and pH were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, determination coefficients of ≥ 0.9993 were obtained for all studied analytes. The limits of detection ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 µg Kg−1. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 82.6–100.1% with RSDs %≤ 7.5. To investigate the applicability of the proposed method, it was applied to determination of the studied sulfonamides in thirty milk-based infant formulas of different brands. The environmental impact of the presented method was evaluated using three assessment tools namely: Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE). The characteristic performance of the developed DLLME-UPLC-MS/MS method was also compared with other reported methods.
ICP-MS determination of elemental abundance in traditional medicinal plants commonly used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(2022) R. S. Ahmad, H.; Sara Algarni; Rand Osama; Alghamdi, M.; Njoud Hamid; Rizwan Ahmad; Algarni, S.; Mostafa, A.; Abdulmalik Alqarni; Aldholmi, M.; Riaz, M.
Medicinal plants are widely used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to treat various ailments in the form of folk medicine. Forty four such medicinal plant samples were collected from local markets and evaluated for the presence of 14 elements (Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Al, Pb, Ba, Zn, Ag, Hg, Bi, Cd). Microwave-assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine the elemental composition in these medicinal plants. Widespread occurrence of these elements was observed in all plant samples, except for Bi and Co where the lowest mean values of 0.03 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.15 were observed, respectively. The descending order for mean (μg/g) elemental occurrence observed was as follows: Ba > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Ba > Hg > Mo > Cu > Cr > Ag > Cd > Co > Bi, whereas the range for these elements in the 44-medicinal plants was as follows: Pb > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cu > Mo > Ag > Ba > Hg > Co > Cd > Cr > Bi. Pb, Hg and Cd were found beyond the maximum limits in these medicinal plants, while the remaining elements were found well within the range of maximum limits. A number of medicinal plants showed high amounts of these elements. Some plants contained more than one element, such as Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Pb, Hg, Cd), Ricinus communis (Pb, Cd), Vigna radiata (Pb, Cd) and Sesamum indicum (Pb, Hg). The data matrix was validated through the statistical tools of principal component analysis (X(2) = 160.44, P = .00), Pearson's correlation (P = .01 and 0.05), and K-mean cluster analysis (F = 104.55, P = .00). The findings of the study provide baseline data for the comparative analysis of these medicinal plants, which may help select safe medicinal plants in terms of consumer-based use and its utilisation for the treatment of various ailments.
Multi-class determination of pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants in wastewater from Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia using eco-friendly SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS: Occurrence, removal and environmental risk assessment
(2023) Mohammed Abdulhadi M Alsulaiman; Fatimah Lutfi H Alsaif; Alqarni, Abdulmalik; Al-Ansari, Raneem; Abdulmalik Mohammed H Alqarni; Al-Sultan, Fatima; Alsulaiman, Mohammed; Alsaif, Fatimah; Aga, Omer
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, which might be released to different water environments causing contamination might lead to health hazards. Therefore, sensitive, selective and reliable analytical methods are required to monitor pharmaceuticals in such complex environmental matrix. In this work, an eco-friendly, sensitive, robust and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously identify and quantify multiple classes of pharmaceuticals in influent and effluent wastewater samples in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia using solid phase extraction (SPE) for sample preparation. The extraction conditions were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiencies and achieved recoveries of 70.4 – 112.2% and 74.0 – 107.8% in influent (IWW) and effluent wastewater (EWW) samples, respectively. The optimized method had satisfactory precision represented as %RSD lower than 13.04%. Limits of detection were 0.06 – 16.0 and 0.07 – 13.23 ng L-1 for IWW and EWW, respectively. The developed method was successfully employed for the analysis of 32 pharmaceuticals in wastewater. The greenness profile was assessed using two assessment tools; Analytical Eco-scale and AGREE metric. Caffeine and Ciprofloxacin were the most frequent and highest concentration in influent wastewater with concentration range 23,600 – 37,602 ng L-1 and 1,684 –3,585 ng L-1, respectively. Average effluent concentrations range was from below method quantification limit to 1,241 ng L-1 (ciprofloxacin). Removal efficiency ranged from - 3.1% (trimethoprim) to 99% (caffeine). Environmental risk assessment was calculated using risk quotient approach for each individual analyte and for the mixture. The results revealed 4 and 6 compounds with high and medium risk, respectively. This work provides new insights into the occurrence, removal and ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring these compounds as an input for future mitigation actions.
Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and its analogues in foodstuff using UPLC-MS/MS and assessment of their health risk in adult population
(2022) S. A. Heba, Mostafa; Abdulmalik, M. Alqarni; Yasmeen, Almohamed; Duaa, Abualrahi; Dania, Hussein; Abdulmalik Alqarni; Meshal Alghamdi
Replacing bisphenol A with its analogues may represent a risk to human health because of their potential synergic effects. In this study, a fast, sensitive and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, D8 and pergafast in foodstuff was developed and validated. Sample preparation and clean up were carried out using ultrasonic extraction followed by solid-phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges. The developed method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of the target analytes in 140 food samples from various categories (including: vegetables, dairy products, seafood products, condiments, beverages, oils & fats and others). The recovery ranged from 80.3% to 103.8% with relative standard deviations not higher than 11.5%. Limits of detection were within the range of 0.003–0.015 μg kg−1 under the optimized conditions. Bisphenol A was found in the majority of food samples (83%) with the highest concentration of 110 µg kg−1. Canned food contained higher concentrations of total bisphenols (23.8 µg kg−1) compared to food samples packed in plastic containers (7.68 µg kg−1), paper (3.53 µg kg−1) or glass (1.14 µg kg−1). The estimated daily intake for the detected bisphenols was also calculated (286.7 and 307.8 ng kg−1 BW day−1) for male and female adults, respectively. The dietary exposure to total bisphenols through foodstuffs investigated in this study were found to be higher than the recently updated tolerable daily intake value of BPA (0.04 ng kg−1 BW day−1). Also, the calculated hazard index was found to be higher than 1, indicating that the exposure to the detected bisphenols is more likely to cause risk to consumers through the dietary intake. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report estimating the health risk associated with dietary exposure to bisphenol A and its analogues in Saudi Arabia.
Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using thymol based natural deep eutectic solvent for trace analysis of sulfonamides in water samples: Assessment of the greenness profile using AGREE metric, GAPI and analytical eco-scale
(2022) Sahar Tawfiq Taher Alsaba; Amal Abdullah Saleh almoslem; Alqarni, Abdulmalik M.; Alghamdi, Meshal; Alsultan, Semat; Heba Shaaban Mohamed; Alsaba, Sahar; AlMoslem, Amal; Alshehry, Yasir; Ahmad, Rizwan
Applying the concepts of green analytical chemistry (GAC) across the whole method development is gaining more interest with the aim of using eco-friendly solvents and minimizing waste generation. Therefore, replacing the conventional methods with benign alternatives has been the aim of many researchers and practitioners worldwide. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) can be considered as a green alternative to the toxic organic solvents. In this work, a thymol based NDES was utilized for the first time in the extraction and trace analysis of four different sulfonamides (Sulfapyridine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and Sulfaphenazole) in different water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). Two different groups of hydrophobic NDESs were prepared and tested as microextraction solvents, using the natural monoterpenoids (menthol and thymol) in combination with different acids and an alcohol. The results revealed that thymol/acetic acid DES had the best extraction recovery. Dispersion of the extracting solvents was achieved via vortex mixing. All DLLME parameters were optimized. The optimized method showed low detection limits (0.78 – 3.42 ng mL−1). A good linearity (5–5000 ng mL−1) with excellent determination coefficients (r2 ≥ 0.9991) was obtained. Accuracy and precision showed good results with % recovery in the range of 81.3–105.2 % and %RSD ranging from 1.3 to 7.9. The proposed method was successfully applied for the trace analysis of the target analytes in different water samples. Finally, the greenness profile was assessed by Analytical Eco-scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and AGREE metric and comparison showed the superiority of the proposed method over other published methods. In conclusion, the reported method can be considered as a valid eco-friendly alternative for the classical and conventional hydrophobic DES-based DLLME methods for the routine analysis of sulfonamides in different water samples.