2 0 2 1

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.iau.edu.sa/handle/123456789/184

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 35

A case of Kartagener's syndrome with combined aplasia of frontal and sphenoid sinuses and hypoplasia of maxillary and ethmoid sinuses
(2021) Sharma, Sonica; Durgaprasad, BhamidipatyVijayalakshmi, Payala
Kartagener's syndrome (KS), characterized by a triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and situs inversus, is a subset of an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder of primary ciliary dyskinesia. We report the case of a 35-year-old male who presented with a history of intermittent episodes of productive cough, breathlessness, and cold since childhood. High resolution computed tomography of chest revealed bronchiectatic changes, dextrocardia, and right-sided aortic arch. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed situs inversus. CT of the paranasal sinuses revealed combined aplasia of bilateral frontal and sphenoid sinus with sinusitis. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of KS was made. There was no complaint of infertility, which usually accompanies KS, even though an analysis of his seminal fluid revealed reduced count and reduced motility of sperms. The uniqueness of our case is that our patient was a male aged 35 years; besides, the third decade is an unusual age for presentation of combined aplasia/agenesis of bilateral frontal and sphenoid sinuses with hypoplasia of maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. Even though these findings have been reported in children and young adults, there are very few case reports of such a presentation in adults in literature.
An approach to café au lait macules in primary care setting
(2021) S. R. A. Almuhaidib, Fajar A.; Alkanaan, Najlaa A.; Almulhim, Abdulmohsin K.; Alyami, Khalid S.
Café au lait macules (CALMs), if solitary, are benign lesion with no clinical meaning, and are common in the general population. Multiple CALMs may be the hallmark of some disorders and need to be assessed by an interprofessional team. The diagnosis and evaluation of a patient with a suspected condition may include a team of pediatric neurologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, geneticists, and orthopedic surgeons. To evaluate the progression of the disease, an annual follow-up is required.
Arabic Abstracts
(2021)
Arabic Abstracts
(2021)
Arabic Abstracts
Assessing knowledge of Saudi mothers with regard to parenting and child developmental milestones
(2021) F. O. A. Alqurashi, Bassam H.; Khan, Basim F.; AlARhain, Sara A.; Alkhaleel, Ali I.; Albahrani, Batool A.; Alali, Amnah S.
BACKGROUND: Knowledge about childrearing and development of children greatly impacts on how parents can adequately and safely raise and interact with a child. This study aimed to assess Saudi mothers’ level of knowledge of parenting and developmental milestones and describe the associated factors that affect their knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from January to February 2020. Four hundred Saudi mothers with children up to 6 years of age were included in the study from 20 randomly selected primary healthcare centers. The Knowledge of Infant Developmental Inventory Tool (KIDI-P) was used. Relevant demographic data were collected. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 21 (SPSS). One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to detect any significant differences in mother's knowledge about developmental milestones related to the research variables. RESULTS: The majority of mothers (42.2%) were between 28 and 35 years of age. Knowledge about parentaging scored on the average 53.3%, health and safety scored 63.4%, general principles 55.9%, and developmental milestones 51.8%. Data showed a statistically significant relation between mothers’ age and parenting subscale (mean = 0.54, standard deviation [SD] = 0.18, P = 0.001), and mothers’ education and parenting (mean = 0.52, SD = 0.18, P = 0.015). Significant differences were found between planned pregnancy and parenting (mean = 0.53, SD = 0.178, P = 0.044) and between planned pregnancy and child developmental milestones (mean = 0.51, SD = 0.12, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Saudi mothers have limited overall knowledge of childrearing and developmental milestones of their children. Mothers’ age, parental education, parity, and planned pregnancies had a positive effect on mother's knowledge of parenting and milestones parameters.
Associations between intimate partner violence and pregnancy complications: A cross-sectional study in India
(2021) Avanigadda, Durga; Kulasekaran, Ravisankar
BACKGROUND: The high prevalence rates of violence of the intimate partner affects the maternal health of the woman that sometimes ends in maternal mortality as well as the possibility of an adverse effect on the newborn. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of intimate physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) on mothers and examine the association between IPV and pregnancy complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for the present study were retrieved from the National Family Health Survey-IV (2015–2016). In total, 79,729 women completed the domestic violence questions, but 24,882 were considered for this analysis. The study was restricted to currently married women aged 15–49 who had given birth to at least one child in the 5 years preceding the survey. The association between self-reporting pregnancy complications with the experience of IPV was examined using Chi-square test, followed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The study findings show that IPV, specifically physical and sexual violence, are associated with pregnancy complications. The results show that 31.6% of the women had experienced some form of IPV. The factors associated with IPV included husband's alcohol habit, women who had witnessed parental violence, and women whose husbands had shown high marital controlling behavior. The high level of pregnancy complications was reported by women who had experienced sexual violence, emotional violence, and women whose husbands display three or more specific behaviors. CONCLUSION: Confidential screening for IPV and prompt referral to support services could be crucial in improving women's reproductive health.
Author's reply
(2021) Howsawi, Abdulaziz; Althageel, Mamdouh; Mohaideen, Noorulzaman; Khan, Mohammad; Alzahrani, Abdulaziz; Alkhadir, Mohamed; Alaqeel, Sulaiman; Alkathiri, MoathHawsawi, Rayan
Author's reply
(2021) Alharbi, Khalid; Aldosari, Mohammed; Alhassan, Abdulrahman; Alshallal, Khalid; Altamimi, AbdullahAltulaihi, Bader
Bibliometric analysis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) literature published in Web of Science 2019–2020
(2021) Farooq, Rai; Rehman, Shafiq; Ashiq, Murtaza; Siddique, Nadeem; Ahmad, Shakil
Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, turned into a pandemic in record time. Communication of disease presentation and mechanism of spread remain keys to getting ahead of the virus and limiting its spread beyond the capacity of management. Owing to huge academic focus and pandemic concern around the globe, this bibliometric analysis investigated research productivity related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using the Web of Science database. The relevant data were harvested, and search query was further refined by publication years (2020 OR 2019) and document types (article, book chapter, and proceedings paper). Finally, 6694 records were imported and downloaded in Plaintext and BibTeX formats on August 1, 2020. The data analysis was performed using MS Excel, VOS viewer, and Biblioshiny software. Of the 6694 publications that appeared in that period, the USA and Chinese research institutions topped the numbers. At the same time, the Journal of Medical Virology and CUREUS (Cureus Journal of Medical Science), remained favorite journals for publications. The pattern of multi-author publications has outstripped that of single-authors. Apart from COVID-19 and the novel coronavirus, the important keywords mentioned included pandemic, pneumonia, epidemiology, public health, outbreak, epidemic, China, infection, and treatment. The analysis shows a strong local research response from China, with large teams reporting on the disease outbreak. Subsequent studies will document a global response as the virus spreads worldwide. The initial research related to the current coronavirus outbreak was reported from within China. The data and patterns were supposed to alter as the virus spread globally.
Bridging the gap: Engagement of family and community physicians in digital networks for health issues
(2021) A. M. A. Alqarni, Maha A.; Alsheikh, Rasha H.; Almansour, Rana S.; Abdelwahab, Moataza M.
BACKGROUND: The use of social media (SM) is unlocking infinite opportunities for healthcare disciplines and is fast becoming the preferred medium of communication. This underlines the importance of meeting the challenges of this new era. The aim of this study was to assess the readiness of Saudi family medicine physicians to the use of SM in health promotion and to explore their prospective attitudes toward its use professionally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The two largest hospital-based primary care centers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia were used for the quantitative analysis. All known physician bloggers in Saudi Arabia from seven different cities were invited to participate in the qualitative aspect of this study. The quantitative component of this study was conducted in the Eastern Province at two main hospitals. A 37-item questionnaire was distributed to all family physicians practising at these hospitals. The qualitative component of this study covered all of Saudi Arabia, and 11 in-depth interviews were held with family physician bloggers, followed by verbatim transcription, content analysis, and coding of the results. Chi-squared and independent t-tests were used. All physicians at the two largest hospitals in the Eastern Province were invited to participate in the quantitative aspect of the study. The response rate was 86.2% (n = 159). RESULTS: Study included 136 primary care physicians; majority were <50 years old (96.3%) with 58.8% females. About 60% were residents and 27.2 % consultants, and 76.5% were were family medicine physicians. Ninety-six percent physicians had SM accounts, the mean use of 3 h per day, 46.3% of the family physicians had good knowledge of SM ethics, and 69.9% used SM professionally for medical issues. Most of the responses showed a strong positive attitude; more than 60% of the participants responded as “agree” or “strongly agree” to the positive statements. CONCLUSION: Organizations urgently need to design their own bioethical guidelines and rules on the safe use of SM by healthcare professionals.
A case report of Jarcho–Levin syndrome
(2021) Durgaprasad, Bhamidipaty; Sharma, Sonica; Vijayalakshmi, Payala
Jarcho–Levin syndrome (JLS) is a rare, congenital disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, that represents a spectrum of clinical and radiographic abnormalities of the spine and chest. The present case report discusses two siblings, an 11 year old girl and a 6 year old boy, diagnosed as cases of JLS based on family history and clinical-radiological findings. The main features of the syndrome are shortness of stature with a spinal abnormality, multiple abnormal vertebral defects, and a small malformed “fan-like” or “crab-like” rib cage due to posterior fusion and anterior flaring of the ribs, leading to short-trunk dwarfism. The spinal and rib malformations result in a small thoracic cavity, not capable of accommodating the growing lungs, causing thoracic insufficiency resulting in severe cardiac and respiratory complications and frequent chest infections. The diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings, characteristic physical appearance, symptoms of thoracic insufficiency, family history, consanguineous parents, skeletal survey, or specialized genetic tests for mutations. Milder forms are compatible with life.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and acute nonicteric hepatitis: A case report from Asokoro, Nigeria
(2021) Akerele, Isaac; Nnabuchi, Chidi; Oreh, Adaeze
We report our first case of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection with hepatitis B co-infection who presented with fever, catarrh, headaches, fatigue, and loss of smell. He had a history of chronic hepatitis B infection which appeared to be inactive given a history of normal outpatient liver tests prior to admission for COVID-19. Following the positive nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction diagnosis with COVID-19, liver function tests revealed evidence of hepatitis with elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes and deranged full blood count findings.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and healthcare delivery system
(2021) Al-Muhanna, Fahad; Alkuwaiti, Ahmed; Alwazzeh, Marwan
Letter to Editor
Correlates of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
(2021) Bajaber, Bashayr; Alshareef, Mohammed
BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes that can cause visual impairment. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the determinants of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the diabetic center at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of type 2 diabetic patients registered at the diabetic center at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital. Data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Grading of DR was done by slit-lamp examination and colored fundus photographs. Descriptive analysis included frequency and percentage for categorical variables, and mean, median, standard deviation (SD), and interquartile range, for continuous variables. Chi-square test used to test for association between two categorical variables; Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate employed to compare continuous variable between two groups. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify correlates of DR after controlling for confounders. RESULTS: The study comprised 251 type 2 diabetic patients aged between 28 and 80 years, with an arithmetic mean of 56.8 and standard deviation of ±9.9 years. The prevalence of DR was 54.6%; mild nonproliferative (NP) type was present in 52.6% of the patients with DR, whereas severe NP type was present in 15.3% of them; the proliferative type was present in only 4.4% of those with DR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients who had had diabetes for a 11 to 16 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.52, P = 0.035), patients who did not take daily medications on time (AOR = 9.75, P = 0.008), patients who did not go for fundus examination annually (AOR = 3.62, P = 0.011), and patients with uncontrolled diabetes (AOR = 12.18, P < 0.001) were at higher significant risk for DR. Patients not treated with insulin were 70% less likely to develop DR (AOR = 0.30, P = 0.015). An increase of one unit in body mass index was significantly associated with increase in the probability of developing DR by 11% (AOR = 1.11, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: DR is very prevalent in type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic center at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah Al-Mukarramah; particularly the mild NP type.
Effect of direct monitoring by family members and counseling by health professionals on iron-folic acid supplementation: A cross-sectional study among pregnant women in Puducherry, India
(2021) Palivela, Dhanusree; Shehnaz, SyedChaturvedula, Latha
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant Indian women is reportedly quite high. Despite the sustained efforts of the current national control program and undisputed efficacy of iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS), the onslaught of anemia has not been curtailed, probably as a result of noncompliance to IFAS. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of direct monitoring of pregnant women by family members, counseling by health professionals, and other variables on adherence to IFAS in Puducherry, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 pregnant women visiting Outpatient Clinic, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry. Missing ≥2 doses of IFAS in the preceding 7 days was considered as nonadherence. The Pearson Chi-square test was applied to identify the association between the different variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions revealed variables affecting adherence. RESULTS: Around 34.4% of respondents reported nonadherence to IFAS. Direct monitoring by family members (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 7.04; P < 0.001), counseling by health professionals (aOR = 2.97; P = 0.002), and improvement in hemoglobin (Hb) levels (aOR = 2.4; P = 0.01) were associated with better adherence. Vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were common ADRs. The distance to hospital, improvement in Hb levels, counseling by health professionals, and direct monitoring by family members significantly reduced the odds of ADRs. CONCLUSION: Direct monitoring of intake by family members and counseling by health professionals improved adherence to IFAS. Further in-depth formative research studies are recommended for strategies to improve adherence to IFAS in the vulnerable pregnant population of Puducherry and streamline the implementation of anemia national control program in a specific context.
Erratum: “Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of intranasal azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone furoate in the treatment of allergic rhinitis”
(2021)
Erratum
Factors associated with Achilles tendon pain in cyclists in eastern province of Saudi Arabia
(2021) Althunyan, Abdullatif; Darwish, Magdy; Sabra, Amr; Alqahtani, Hatem; Mutabgani, Sameerah
BACKGROUND: Cyclists are predisposed to different types of injuries whose patterns and distribution change over time. During bicycling, the high demand on lower extremities to produce speed places high load on the legs resulting in overuse injuries of which pain in the Achilles tendon is one. This study assessed Achilles tendon pain in cyclists in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of active cyclists in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using validated and pretested web-based self-administered questionnaire. Of the 511 cyclists invited, 311 completed the questionnaire yielding 60.62% response rate. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics included calculation of frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and median, mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Chi-square test measured the associations between Achilles pain and various risk factors. Student's t-test, or Mann–Whitney test as appropriate, was used to compare continuous variables. RESULTS: Ten percent of mature and 9.1% professional cyclists reported that they had Achilles tendon pain. The pain was reported by significantly higher proportion of cyclists who raced (25%) and cyclists who rode mountain bicycles off-road (60.0%); average duration of the Achilles tendon pain was 7 days. Of the cyclists who had Achilles tendon pain, 32.1% reported that the pain increased when they were in running load and 28.6% reported increased pain in cycling load. Most cyclists described the pain as mild (67.9%) and moderate (32.1%). Overweight and underweight cyclists reported significantly higher rates of Achilles tendon pain (60% and 12.5%) compared to other body mass index classes. CONCLUSION: Achilles tendon pain commonly affects both amateur and professional cyclists. The study underpins the importance of a gradual increase in the training load, proper conditioning, bike fitting, and the maintenance of ideal body weight of cyclists to prevent Achilles tendon pain.
Gender divides in the clinical profiles of patients with acute myocardial infarction at a tertiary care center in South India
(2021) George, Neethu; Ramamoorthy, Lakshmi; Satheesh, Santhosh; Jayapragasam, Kumari
BACKGROUND: Early identification of myocardial infarction (MI) is a determinant in the provision of appropriate treatment modalities. The focus of the present study is on the identification of gender-based differences in risk factors, clinical manifestations, and coronary angiography findings in patients presenting with MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted with MI at a tertiary care center in South India during March 2016 to June 2017. Selected 120 male and 120 female consecutive patients admitted with acute MI, who had survived and been stabilized. Data was collected using a pre-tested structure data sheet. Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Participants were homogenous as regards age (P < 0.107); majority of men and women were from the rural areas. About 32.5% of the men interpreted the pain as due to a cardiac problem or indigestion, whereas 60.8% of the women thought it was fatigue/muscle pain. The self-interpretation or perception of pain in both genders was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Compared to the men, the females increasingly presented with atypical symptoms (P = 0.005). Regarding ST-elevated MI, male preponderance was noted (P = 0.004)). Considering the anatomical location of MI, the presentation of Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (IWMI) was predominant in females compared to men (P = 0.003). The majority of men had increased presentation of single-vessel disease compared to women (P = 0.02), whereas normal coronaries and double-vessel disease were found statistically significantly higher in females (P = 0.03 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION: Public education is needed on the atypical presentations which are common with women than in men. The public should, therefore, be informed of those symptoms and how to recognize them so that they may seek medical care promptly.
Gender dysphoria in Saudi Arabia
(2021) Alqahtani, HatemMotabgani, Sameerah
Gender dysphoria is defined as a multisystemic medical condition where a person has marked discordance between their biological sex and the gender they identify with. Here we report a case of 44-year-old male who presented to the family medicine clinic as a known case of gender dysphoria. Patient was severely distressed about his life and was actively seeking a solution to his problem. The patient requested that the treating physician addresses him as a female and uses feminine proverbs while speaking with him. On examination of genitalia, testicles were smaller than normal for his age and sex. Several abnormalities were found including low levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, and elevated prolactin levels. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound showed that the internal organs were all normal size and consistency. No uterus, ovaries or rudimentary female reproductive organs were found. Testicular ultrasound revealed atrophy of both testicles and weak peripheral testicular vascularity were noted. CT scan with contrast revealed severe hepatic steatosis as well as bilateral gynecomastia. Primary care physicians need to be aware of gender-related disorders as well as the importance of early recognition of these emerging disorders. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage these disorders.
Hearing impairment in military personnel in Eastern Saudi Arabia
(2021) Alsaab, Fahad; Alaraifi, Abdulaziz; Alhomaydan, Wafa; Ahmed, AhmedElzubair, Ahmed
BACKGROUND: Noise exposure is one of the most common occupational hazards worldwide. Studies have shown that the prevalence of hearing loss and tinnitus is higher in military personnel than in other occupations. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in military personnel in Eastern Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 409 military personnel. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on level of awareness, hearing impairment, and protection of hearing. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) was conducted on 141 participants to determine the prevalence and pattern of hearing impairment. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the predictors of hearing loss in military personnel. RESULTS: More than half of the participants (54.3%) were unaware of the consequences of noise exposure and none used proper hearing protection. A small percentage (5.9%) complied with the annual hearing examination, and only 23% had had a previous hearing evaluation. More than half of the participants (58.4%) had one or more abnormal hearing-related symptoms, with tinnitus as the most common symptom (43.8%). PTA showed hearing impairment in 71.6% of the participants. Multivariate analysis showed older age as only significant factor associated with hearing impairment in military personnel. CONCLUSION: Noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus are common occupational disabilities in military personnel. Hearing conservation programs have to be initiated to ensure the application of hearing protection measures and control the effects of exposure to noise.

Browse

Browsing 2 0 2 1 by Title